The calculation of P/E ratio is: P/E ratio = market price of a stock / net assets per share.

In the United States, money market funds can be divided into three categories according to the level of risk. 　　 In the United States, money market funds can be divided into three categories according to the level of risk. 　　 1, Treasury bill money market funds, which invest mainly in treasury bills, marketable securities guaranteed by the government, etc. These securities generally have a maturity of less than one year, with an average maturity of 120 days. 　　 2,Diversified money market funds, which are commonly referred to as money market funds, usually invest in a variety of marketable securities such as commercial paper, treasury bills, securities issued by U.S. government agencies, negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers' acceptances, etc., which have similar maturities as the aforementioned funds. 　　 3, Tax-exempt money funds, which are used primarily for short-term financing of high-quality municipal securities, also include municipal medium-term bonds and municipal long-ter

nternational debt, also known as foreign debt, is the entire debt with contractual repayment obligations, including the principal to be repaid and the interest to be paid, that has been allocated to a non-resident by a resident of a country at any given time.

An etf is the abbreviation for an exchange-traded open-ended index fund, often referred to as an exchange-traded fund, which is an open-ended fund with variable shares traded on an exchange.

A closed-end fund is a fund in which the promoter sets a limit on the total number of units that can be issued when setting up the fund.

International bonds International bonds are bonds issued by a government, financial institution, business enterprise or national organization to raise and finance funds in foreign financial markets and are denominated in foreign currency.

Hedging options refers to the application of two option trades or a combination of option and futures trades.